
The fifth is solidarity: interoperability across systems. Without interoperability, people cannot move between models and harnesses. Once users are locked in, the platform has every incentive to squeeze them—what my friend Cory Doctorow calls enshittification: Offer freebies at first, then extract value once people cannot leave. We saw it with social media; it is now happening with AI services. Mandatory interoperability makes win-win relationships more possible.